.NET Core Architecture & Framework

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.NET Core Architecture & Framework

.NET Core Architecture & Framework

.NET Core (now simply called .NET) is a cross-platform, high-performance, open-source development platform by Microsoft. It's designed to build modern, scalable, and cloud-based applications across Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Note: From .NET 5 onwards, ".NET Core" has been unified under the name .NET. Use ".NET Core" for versions 3.1 and below; use ".NET" for .NET 5 and later.

.NET Architecture

The .NET architecture is modular and performance-oriented. It consists of several key components:

1. .NET Runtime (CLR)

  • Handles JIT compilation (via RyuJIT), garbage collection, memory management, and exception handling.
  • Cross-platform support through CoreCLR and Mono (used in Xamarin/MAUI).

2. .NET Base Class Library (BCL)

  • Offers foundational classes like collections, I/O, networking, security, and threading.
  • Standardized across all .NET implementations for portability.

3. ASP.NET Core

  • Framework for building web apps, APIs, and microservices.
  • Supports MVC, Razor Pages, minimal APIs, and SignalR.
  • Includes Kestrel – a high-performance cross-platform web server.

4. Entity Framework Core (EF Core)

  • Lightweight, extensible, and cross-platform ORM.
  • Supports LINQ, code-first migrations, and various DB providers like SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MySQL.

5. .NET CLI (Command-Line Interface)

  • Enables creating, building, testing, and deploying .NET apps.
  • Essential for automation and CI/CD pipelines. Uses dotnet as the core command.

6. Dependency Injection (DI)

  • Built-in DI support enhances modularity and testability.
  • Used throughout ASP.NET Core and other .NET-based apps.

.NET Frameworks & Libraries

1. Blazor

  • Build interactive web UIs using C# instead of JavaScript.
  • Supports Blazor Server and Blazor WebAssembly.

2. gRPC

  • High-performance RPC framework using HTTP/2 and Protocol Buffers.
  • Ideal for microservices and inter-service communication.

3. .NET MAUI (Multi-platform App UI)

  • Unified framework to build native apps for Android, iOS, macOS, and Windows using a single codebase.
  • Successor to Xamarin.Forms.

4. Windows Forms & WPF

  • Legacy Windows desktop app frameworks still widely used in enterprise environments.
  • Windows-only technologies.

5. .NET for Apache Spark

  • Write big data processing jobs in C# and F#.
  • Useful for analytics, ETL pipelines, and data engineering.

Advantages of .NET

  • Cross-Platform: Runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
  • High Performance: Fast execution with JIT and efficient GC.
  • Microservices-Ready: Ideal for Docker/Kubernetes deployments.
  • Open Source: Backed by Microsoft and an active community.
  • Unified Platform: One framework for web, desktop, mobile, and cloud.
  • Strong Typing & Memory Management: Built-in safety and performance through C# and CLR.

Conclusion

.NET is a robust and modern development platform offering flexibility, performance, and cross-platform capabilities. With its ever-evolving ecosystem and strong community support, it's a reliable choice for building scalable web, mobile, desktop, and cloud-based applications.

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